Material Test and Analysis Request
Material Testing and Analysis Infrastructure was established in 2003 regarding the purpose of conducting R&D activities and prototype production of the materials and technologies with national capabilities which are critical in the space and aerospace industry. In particular, indigenous development of materials, components and special production processes, which are classified as critical and cannot be acquired from abroad, has been determined as the main goal and many national and indigenous products have been developed since then within the scope of this target. Besides SAGE projects, within the facilities and capabilities of the KRITEK, R&D activities, production and industrial service are provided especially to the leading defense industry, space and aviation organizations, research institutes and universities in our country. The infrastructure, which has been constantly evolving in terms of its device capabilities since the day it was established, can respond immediately to all demands coming in and out of SAGE with its unique facilities.
Furthermore, production and forming of various materials through powder metallurgy, vacuum metallurgy and thermomechanical techniques are conducted in KRİTEK. Correspondingly, mechanical, chemical and physical testing and characterization of materials are performed in the infrastructure. The laboratories in the KRITEK are given below:
- Heat Treatment Laboratories
- Thermo Mechanical Processing Laboratories
- Mechanical Production Laboratory
- Ceramic Laboratory
- Metallography Laboratory
- Powder Metallurgy Laboratory
- Coating Technologies Laboratory
- Antenna Technologies Laboratory
- Sensor Technologies Laboratory
- Electromagnetics Laboratory
- Physical and Mechanical Test Laboratory
- Characterization Laboratories
In addition, the following material and testing services are provided to various industrial organizations universities and public institutions within the KRİTEK:
High Temperature Dilatometer Test
Brief Information: Thermal expansion coefficient measurement tests are carried out with the high temperature dilatometer device in the TÜBİTAK SAGE infrastructure. The dilatometer device has a vertical sample shape and can perform all metallic and ceramic measurement expansion measurements between -150 °C and 1,750 °C. As a result, the device gives the variation of sample size with temperature. With this information, the coefficient of thermal expansion of materials is calculated.
Device Used: High Temperature Dilatometer Device (L75, Linseis)
Technical Specifications: The dilatometer device can measure under different atmospheres. As a result, the device gives the variation of sample size with temperature. With this information, the thermal expansion coefficient of the materials is calculated in the desired temperature range.
Standards Covered/Specifications Measurements are made taking into account the ASTM E228 standard. The standard sample is a ø6mmx20mm cylindrical sample or a square not exceeding these dimensions.
Special Conditions: Materials containing explosives are not tested.
Carbon Sulfide Determination Tests
Brief Information: Carbon (C) and Sulfur (S) determination tests are carried out in accordance with the combustion method. In the test, the sample is burned under an oxygen atmosphere. Carbon and sulfur in the sample can be separated by insulating separately.
Device Used: LECO CS230 Carbon/Sulfur Analysis Device
Technical Specifications:
- Heating Method: Induction Heating
- Measurement Method: Infrared absorption (for both carbon and sulfur)
- Measurement Range (per 1 gram)*:
- Carbon: 4 ppm - 3.5 wt %
- Sulfur 4 ppm - 0.4 wt %
- *The measurement range can be extended by reducing the sample weight.
- Sample weight: 1 g nominal (Suitable sample weight may vary depending on the material to be tested)
Standards Covered/Specifications Carbon and sulfur determination tests can be performed in accordance with the relevant standards. Sample standards are given below:
- ASTM E 1019: Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
- ASTM E 1491: Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
Special Conditions: Only non-volatile and non-explosive, inorganic materials can be tested with the device (metals, ceramics, ores etc.)
Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N) and Oxygen (O) Determination Tests
Brief Information: Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen determination tests are according to inert gas melting method. The sample is melted under an atmosphere of helium gas and hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen are solated separately and measured by appropriate methods.
Device Used: LECO TCH600 Hydrogen/Nitrogen/Oxygen Analysis Device
Technical Specifications:
- Heating Method: Resistive Heating in Electrode Furnace
- Measurement Method:
- Hydrogen Infrared absorption
- Nitrogen Thermal Conductivity
- Oxygen Infrared absorption
- Measurement Range (per 1 gram)*:
- Hydrogen: 0.1 ppm - 0.25 wt %
- Nitrogen: 0.05 ppm - 3.0 wt %
- Oxygen: 0.05 ppm - 5.0 wt %
- * The measurement range can be extended by reducing the sample weight.
- Sample weight: 1 g nominal (Suitable sample weight may vary depending on the material to be tested)
Standards Covered/Specifications Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen determination tests can be performed in accordance with the relevant standards Sample standards are given below:
- ASTM E 1019: Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
- ASTM E 1409: Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
- ASTM E 1477: Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
Special Conditions: Only non-volatile and non-explosive, inorganic materials can be tested with the device (metals, ceramics, ores etc.)
Macro and Micro Structure Analysis
Brief Information: In the macro examination, grain edges on the part, unwanted formations for pollution are observed and their sizes can be measured. In micro-examination, the structure of the material is examined and inferences are made about its mechanical properties, the processes that the material has seen before, and the production method.
Device Used: Zeiss Axioskop MAT 2
Technical Specifications: The device works in room conditions. In order to get healthy images and measurements, the flatness and parallelism properties of the sample should be quite good. Samples should be mounted for ease of sample cleaning and handling.For microstructure observations, the sample should be etched with a suitable etcher.
Standards Covered/Specifications ASTM E3, ASTM E407, ASTM E340, ASTM E45
Special Conditions: The sample must be solid and stable at room temperature.
Grain Size Measurement Test
Brief Information: It is used to measure the grain size distribution of samples of solids and emulsions, dry powders and powder masses dispersed in liquids.
Device Used: Malvern Mastersizer 2000
Technical Specifications:
Grain size range: 0.02 to 2,000 microns (depending on material properties).
Measurement Principle: Mie scattering
Detector System:
Red Light: Front scattering, edge scattering, back scattering.
Blue Light Wide-angle front and back scattering.
Source of Light:
Red Light: Helium neon laser
Blue Light Solid state light source
Optical Alignment System: Fast automatic alignment system with dark field optical indicator.
Laser System: Mastersizer 2000: Class 1 laser
Auotosampler 2000: Class 2 laser
Coating Thickness Measurement Test
Brief Information: The coating thickness test is performed to determine the thickness of metallic coatings on materials. The test sample is placed in the X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer with the coating surface exposed. The type of coating and material is selected from a pre-coded library. The X-ray is sent to the material and the amount of coating thickness on the material is determined according to the backscatter.
Device Used: X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
Technical Specifications: In order for the device to measure, the ambient temperature must be approximately 25 °C. The length of the sample whose coating thickness will be measured should be at most 30 cm and its weight should be at most 2 kg. Larger pieces need to be cut to measure.
Standards Covered/Specifications Tests can be carried out in accordance with all military and civilian standards for which the technical features of the X-Ray Fluorescence device are suitable.
Special Conditions: In order to measure the coating thickness, the type of coating and the type of material must be known, and the infrastructure must be notified in advance. Coating thicknesses that have already been uploaded to the library can be measured immediately, updates must be made for coating types that are not available in the library, measurement can be performed after the power updates are made
Macro and Micro Hardness Analysis
Brief Information: The hardness test gives information about the durability, strength and abrasion resistance of the material and ıt is used to determine whether this material needs heat treatment or to check the accuracy of the heat treatment. Hardness is calculated by immersing the specially sized tips into the material, with the help of the depth the tip enters.
Device Used:
- For macro hardness: Struers Duramin-500
- For Micro Hardness: Emco-Test DuraScan 20 G5
Technical Specifications: The size of the sample and the type of material are determined by which hardness measurement method will be used.
- Surface preparations are specified in Table-1.
- The standards/specifications covered by the test methods are specified in Table-2.
Table of Surface Requirements for Hardness Tests
| Testing | Surface Preparations |
|---|---|
| Rockwell HR |
Macro Hardness Test No surface preparation is required. |
| Brinell HB |
Macro Hardness Test
-Sanded Macro Hardness Test -Polished |
| Vickers HV |
Macro Hardness Test
-Flat surface Macro Hardness Test Mechanical and Electro Polished |
| Knoop HK |
Macro Hardness Test
-Mechanical and Electro Polished |
Table of Standards/Specifications Covered by Test Methods
| Hardness Test Method | Standard |
|---|---|
| Vickers |
ISO 6507 ASTM E384 ASTM E384 |
| Knoop |
ISO 4545 ASTM E384 |
| Brinell |
ISO 6506 ASTM E10 |
| Rockwell |
ISO 6508 ASTM E18 |
